How to format your references using the Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Simon, J.: Condensed-matter physics: magnetic fields without magnetic fields, Nature, 515, 202–203, 2014.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ward, L. D. and Kellis, M.: Response to comment on “Evidence of abundant purifying selection in humans for recently acquired regulatory functions,” Science, 340, 682, 2013.

A journal article with 3 authors

Skipper, M., Weiss, U., and Gray, N.: Plasticity, Nature, 465, 703, 2010.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Liu, L., Li, Y., Wang, R., Yin, C., Dong, Q., Hing, H., Kim, C., and Welsh, M. J.: Drosophila hygrosensation requires the TRP channels water witch and nanchung, Nature, 450, 294–298, 2007.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Levene, M.: An Introduction to Search Engines and Web Navigation, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2010.

An edited book

Zhang, F. (Ed.): The Schur Complement and Its Applications, Springer US, Boston, MA, XVI, 295 p p., 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Didry, Y., Parisot, O., and Tamisier, T.: Engineering Data Intensive Applications with Cadral, in: Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering: 12th International Conference, CDVE 2015, Mallorca, Spain, September 20-23, 2015. Proceedings, edited by: Luo, Y., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 28–35, 2015.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences.

Blog post

Davis, J.: Ebola Outbreak Has Been Confirmed In The Democratic Republic Of Congo, 2017., 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Customs Automation: Progress Made, More Expected in Revenue Reconciliation Process, IMTEC-91-27, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1991.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ward, D.: Teaching with the End in Mind: A Teacher’s Life History as a Legacy of Educational Leaders, Doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg, B.: Hyperactive Latvian ‘Not Afraid of Anything’ Makes Final, , New York Times8th JuneB11, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Simon, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Simon, 2014; Ward and Kellis, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ward and Kellis, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
Abbreviation	Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1561-8633
ISSN (online)	1684-9981
Scope	General Earth and Planetary Sciences