How to format your references using the Neurobiology of Pain citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neurobiology of Pain. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dever, T.E., 2012. Molecular biology. A new start for protein synthesis. Science 336, 1645–1646.

A journal article with 2 authors

Boyd, R., Mathew, S., 2007. Behavior. A narrow road to cooperation. Science 316, 1858–1859.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sharma, B., Mandani, S., Sarma, T.K., 2013. Biogenic growth of alloys and core-shell nanostructures using urease as a nanoreactor at ambient conditions. Sci. Rep. 3, 2601.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Stefanescu, A., Kanbach, G., Słowikowska, A., Greiner, J., McBreen, S., Sala, G., 2008. Very fast optical flaring from a possible new Galactic magnetar. Nature 455, 503–505.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Massari, M., Gianfrate, G., Zanetti, L., 2016. Corporate Valuation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Nazri Bajuri, M., 2013. Computational Biomechanics of the Wrist Joint, SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Sabe, M., Heupler, F., 2013. Cardiac Output, in: Anwaruddin, S., Martin, J.M., Stephens, J.C., Askari, A.T. (Eds.), Cardiovascular Hemodynamics: An Introductory Guide. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp. 65–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neurobiology of Pain.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2016. Search For Life Around Weird Star Continues [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/search-for-life-around-weird-star-continues/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1989. Transportation Infrastructure: Reshaping the Federal Role Poses Significant Challenge for Policy Makers (No. RCED-90-81A). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hood, E.P., 2015. Male teacher perspective on the recruitment of male elementary teachers: A phenomenological study (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schwartz, J., Robertson, C., 2017. New Orleans Looks to Houston, and Sees Itself. New York Times A14.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dever, 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Boyd and Mathew, 2007; Dever, 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Boyd and Mathew, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Stefanescu et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Neurobiology of Pain
ISSN (print)	2452-073X
Scope