How to format your references using the Neuroimaging Clinics of North America citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neuroimaging Clinics of North America (NIC). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Trounson Alan. Obituary: Xiangzhong (Jerry) Yang (1959-2009). Nature 2009;458(7235):161.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wes P. D., Bargmann C. I. C. elegans odour discrimination requires asymmetric diversity in olfactory neurons. Nature 2001;410(6829):698–701.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bai T., Pollard D. D., Gao H. Explanation for fracture spacing in layered materials. Nature 2000;403(6771):753–6.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

de Marcillac Pierre, Coron Noël, Dambier Gérard, et al. Experimental detection of alpha-particles from the radioactive decay of natural bismuth. Nature 2003;422(6934):876–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fraser John, Simkins Betty J. Enterprise Risk Management. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

Kaeding Christopher C., Borchers James R., editors. Hamstring and Quadriceps Injuries in Athletes: A Clinical Guide. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Uesugi Motonari. Small Molecule Tools for Cell Biology and Cell Therapy. In: Shibasaki Masakatsu, Iino Masamitsu, Osada Hiroyuki, editors. Chembiomolecular Science: At the Frontier of Chemistry and Biology. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2013. p. 51–8.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neuroimaging Clinics of North America.

Blog post

O`Callaghan Jonathan. Mystery Of How Gas Giants Formed Could Be Explained By “Planetary Pebbles.” IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/mystery-how-gas-giants-formed-could-be-explained-planetary-pebbles/. Accessed October 30, 2018, 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Post-FTS 2000 Strategy. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Turkel Catherine C. Female leaders’ 360-degree self -perception accuracy for leadership competencies and skills. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, MN, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky Sophia. Russians See Church and State Come Closer. New York Times 2012:A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
Abbreviation	Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am.
ISSN (print)	1052-5149
ISSN (online)	1557-9867
Scope	General Medicine Clinical Neurology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging