How to format your references using the Neuropathological Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Neuropathological Diseases (NPD). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Knoblich, J. A., Cell Biology. Sara Splits the Signal, Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 314, no. 5802, pp. 1094–96, November 17, 2006.

A journal article with 2 authors

Frieda, K. L. and Block, S. M., Direct Observation of Cotranscriptional Folding in an Adenine Riboswitch, Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 338, no. 6105, pp. 397–400, October 19, 2012.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tanimoto, H., Heisenberg, M. and Gerber, B., Experimental Psychology: Event Timing Turns Punishment to Reward, Nature, vol. 430, no. 7003, p. 983, August 26, 2004.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Eckstein-Ludwig, U., Webb, R. J., Van Goethem, I. D. A., East, J. M., Lee, A. G., Kimura, M., O’Neill, P. M., Bray, P. G., Ward, S. A. and Krishna, S., Artemisinins Target the SERCA of Plasmodium Falciparum, Nature, vol. 424, no. 6951, pp. 957–61, August 21, 2003.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith, E. M., Advances in Thermal Design of Heat Exchangers, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006.

An edited book

Noy, A. Ed., Handbook of Molecular Force Spectroscopy, Boston, MA: Springer US, XII, 300 p. 150 illus, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Krugman, R. D., Introduction and Commentary: The Battered Child, in C. Henry Kempe: A 50 Year Legacy to the Field of Child Abuse and Neglect, R. D. Krugman and J. E. Korbin, Eds., Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 21–22, 2013.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Neuropathological Diseases.

Blog post

Andrew, D., We Have Almost Certainly Blown The 1.5-Degree Global Warming Target, IFLScience, August 15, 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, [Comments on STURA Act’s Effects on Funding for Los Angeles Metrorail System], U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, B-226887, Sep. 17, 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Whited, J. E., An Investigation of Struggling Learners’ Motivation to Read, Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams, J., The Left Bank, New York Times, February 10, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Knoblich, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Knoblich, 2006; Frieda et al., 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Frieda et al., 2012)
Three or more authors: (Eckstein-Ludwig et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Neuropathological Diseases
ISSN (print)	2160-2468
ISSN (online)	2160-2476
Scope