How to format your references using the New Forests citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for New Forests. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tso TC (2004) Agriculture of the future. Nature 428:215–217

A journal article with 2 authors

Ranta E, Kaitala V (2005) Ecology. A leap for lion populations. Science 307:365–366

A journal article with 3 authors

Liu H, Gao J, Zhao J (2013) From boron cluster to two-dimensional boron sheet on Cu(111) surface: growth mechanism and hole formation. Sci Rep 3:3238

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Rao P, Hayden MS, Long M, et al (2010) IkappaBbeta acts to inhibit and activate gene expression during the inflammatory response. Nature 466:1115–1119

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chassaing R (2004) Digital Signal Processing and Applications with the C6713 and C6416 DSK. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Viterbo J (2012) Decentralized Reasoning in Ambient Intelligence. Springer, London

A chapter in an edited book

Eckardt R (2009) even in Horn Space. In: Bosch P, Gabelaia D, Lang J (eds) Logic, Language, and Computation: 7th International Tbilisi Symposium on Logic, Language, and Computation, TbiLLC 2007, Tbilisi, Georgia, October 1-5, 2007. Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 47–61

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for New Forests.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) Scientists Can Now Erase Specific Fears From Your Brain. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/scientists-can-now-erase-specific-fears-brain/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2014) Small Business Innovation Research: Change in Program Eligibility Has Had Little Impact. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pearson D (2014) A High-Level Fuzzy Logic Guidance System for an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) Tasked to Perform an Autonomous Launch and Recovery (ALR) of an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV). Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Fitzgerald A (2017) Worlds in a Cell. New York Times BR13

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Tso 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Tso 2004; Ranta and Kaitala 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ranta and Kaitala 2005)
Three or more authors: (Rao et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	New Forests
Abbreviation	New Forests
ISSN (print)	0169-4286
ISSN (online)	1573-5095
Scope	Forestry