How to format your references using the New Writing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for New Writing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Appelbaum, Frederick R. 2012. “Retrospective. E. Donnall Thomas (1920-2012).” Science (New York, N.Y.) 338 (6111): 1163.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zhang, Min, and Randy Schekman. 2013. “Cell Biology. Unconventional Secretion, Unconventional Solutions.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 340 (6132): 559–561.

A journal article with 3 authors

Aubret, Fabien, Richard Shine, and Xavier Bonnet. 2004. “Evolutionary Biology: Adaptive Developmental Plasticity in Snakes.” Nature 431 (7006): 261–262.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Murdoch, W. W., B. E. Kendall, R. M. Nisbet, C. J. Briggs, E. McCauley, and R. Bolser. 2002. “Single-Species Models for Many-Species Food Webs.” Nature 417 (6888): 541–543.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gordon, Adam, and Steven Hernandez. 2016. The Official (ISC) 2® Guide to the SSCP 2® CBK 2®. Indianapolis, Indiana: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Kiayias, Aggelos. 2010. Encryption for Digital Content. Edited by Serdar Pehlivanoglu. Vol. 52. Advances in Information Security. Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Tønnessen, Morten. 2015. “Umwelt and Language.” In Biosemiotic Perspectives on Language and Linguistics, edited by Ekaterina Velmezova, Kalevi Kull, and Stephen J. Cowley, 77–96. Biosemiotics. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for New Writing.

Blog post

Hale, Tom. 2016. “Orcas Documented Hunting Rare Beaked Whales For The First Time Ever.” IFLScience, IFLScience, December 16. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/orcas-documented-hunting-rare-beaked-whales-for-the-first-time-ever/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1987. [Comments on STURA Act’s Effects on Funding for Los Angeles Metrorail System]. B-226887. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Christiansen, David A. 2012. “Investigation of Magnetic Proximity Effect in Ferromagnet/Superconductor Thin Films by Low Temperature Magneto Optical Kerr Effect Measurement.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, Ben. 2017. “Vanishing Patricians, and Then What?” New York Times, June 15, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Appelbaum 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Appelbaum 2012; Zhang and Schekman 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zhang and Schekman 2013)
Three authors: (Aubret, Shine, and Bonnet 2004)
4 or more authors: (Murdoch et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	New Writing
ISSN (print)	1479-0726
ISSN (online)	1943-3107
Scope	Literature and Literary Theory