How to format your references using the Numerical Algorithms citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Numerical Algorithms. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pauwels, E.: Communication: Mind the metaphor. Nature. 500, 523–524 (2013)

A journal article with 2 authors

Xiol, J., Pillai, R.S.: Molecular biology. Outsourcing genome protection. Science. 337, 529–530 (2012)

A journal article with 3 authors

Labidi, J., Cartigny, P., Moreira, M.: Non-chondritic sulphur isotope composition of the terrestrial mantle. Nature. 501, 208–211 (2013)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Chaimanee, Y., Suteethorn, V., Jintasakul, P., Vidthayanon, C., Marandat, B., Jaeger, J.-J.: A new orang-utan relative from the Late Miocene of Thailand. Nature. 427, 439–441 (2004)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Simmons, M., Dalgleish, E.: Corporate Actions. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK (2006)

An edited book

Bellon, S., Penvern, S. eds: Organic Farming, Prototype for Sustainable Agricultures: Prototype for Sustainable Agricultures. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht (2014)

A chapter in an edited book

Fan, C., Luo, J., Wang, W., Zhu, B.: Voronoi Diagram with Visual Restriction. In: Snoeyink, J., Lu, P., Su, K., and Wang, L. (eds.) Frontiers in Algorithmics and Algorithmic Aspects in Information and Management: Joint International Conference, FAW-AAIM 2012, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2012. Proceedings. pp. 36–46. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2012)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Numerical Algorithms.

Blog post

Fang, J.: Top Predators Limit Their Own Numbers, https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/top-predators-limit-their-own-numbers/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Year 2000 Computing Challenge: Important Progress Made, But Much Work Remains to Avoid Disruption of Critical Services. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (1999)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Burg, C.A.: Faculty perspectives on doctoral student mentoring: The mentor’s odyssey, (2010)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Biillard, M.: Listen Up, but Good, (2010)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Numerical Algorithms
Abbreviation	Numer. Algorithms
ISSN (print)	1017-1398
ISSN (online)	1572-9265
Scope	Applied Mathematics