How to format your references using the Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Scully T. Public health: Society at large. Nature 2014;508:S50-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Yang Z-G, Zhang C-T. A proposal for a novel impact factor as an alternative to the JCR impact factor. Sci Rep 2013;3:3410.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Chalasani R, Gupta A, Vasudevan S. Engineering new layered solids from exfoliated inorganics: a periodically alternating hydrotalcite-montmorillonite layered hybrid. Sci Rep 2013;3:3498.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Rao KS, Senthilnathan J, Liu Y-F, Yoshimura M. Role of peroxide ions in formation of graphene nanosheets by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. Sci Rep 2014;4:4237.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Gaisford S, Saunders M. Essentials of Pharmaceutical Preformulation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Guimarães KS, Panchenko A, Przytycka TM, editors. Advances in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology: 4th Brazilian Symposium on Bioinformatics, BSB 2009, Porto Alegre, Brazil, July 29-31, 2009. Proceedings. vol. 5676. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Hamidi F, Baljko M. Makers with a Cause: Fabrication, Reflection and Community Collaboration. In: Streitz N, Markopoulos P, editors. Distributed, Ambient, and Pervasive Interactions: Third International Conference, DAPI 2015, Held as Part of HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2-7, 2015, Proceedings, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 49–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew D. Scientific Theories Aren’t Mere Conjecture – to Survive They Must Work. IFLScience 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Digests of Unpublished Decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States, Vol. IV, No. 2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Ponder K. Easing Stress by Helping Others: How Corporate Volunteer Programs Impact the Stress of Employees Within an Organization. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Vecsey G. From the Men, A Few Highlights After the Deluge. New York Times 2011:SP9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases
Abbreviation	Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis.
ISSN (print)	0939-4753
Scope	Medicine (miscellaneous) Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Nutrition and Dietetics