How to format your references using the Ophthalmologica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmologica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Blázquez MA. Plant science. The right time and place for making flowers. Science. 2005 Aug;309(5737):1024–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hillaire-Marcel C, de Vernal A. Comment on “Mixed-layer deepening during Heinrich events: a multi-planktonic foraminiferal delta18O approach.” Science. 2008 May;320(5880):1161; author reply 1161.

A journal article with 3 authors

Marinova MM, Aharonson O, Asphaug E. Mega-impact formation of the Mars hemispheric dichotomy. Nature. 2008 Jun;453(7199):1216–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Jiang L, Kiselova N, Rosén J, Ilag LL. Quantification of neurotoxin BMAA (β-N-methylamino-L-alanine) in seafood from Swedish markets. Sci Rep. 2014 Nov;4:6931.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schumer PD. Mathematical Journeys. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Hunt KK, Robb GL, Strom EA, Ueno NT, editors. Breast Cancer 2nd edition. New York, NY: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Pyka A, Saviotti PP. Economic Growth Through the Emergence of New Sectors. In: Mann S, editor. Sectors Matter!: Exploring Mesoeconomics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011; pp 55–101.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmologica.

Blog post

Andrew E. How Humans Can Perceive Infrared As Visible Light [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 Dec [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/new-study-explains-how-humans-can-perceive-infrared-visible-light/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Human Services Integration: Results of a GAO Cosponsored Conference on Modernizing Information Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

King GD. Public Works Directors’ Perceptions of the Effects of Stakeholders on Environmental Policies in California Cities. 2010

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines GG. For Archie Comics, a Return to Superheroes. New York Times. 2011 Oct;B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmologica
Abbreviation	Ophthalmologica
ISSN (print)	0030-3755
ISSN (online)	1423-0267
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology Sensory Systems