How to format your references using the Ophthalmology and Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmology and Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Brashares JS. Ecology. Filtering wildlife. Science. 2010;329:402–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Kump LR, Pollard D. Amplification of Cretaceous warmth by biological cloud feedbacks. Science. 2008;320:195.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Allard P, Burton M, Muré F. Spectroscopic evidence for a lava fountain driven by previously accumulated magmatic gas. Nature. 2005;433:407–10.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Georg RB, Halliday AN, Schauble EA, Reynolds BC. Silicon in the Earth’s core. Nature. 2007;447:1102–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Labadie N, Prins C, Prodhon C. Metaheuristics for Vehicle Routing Problems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Lipp P, Sadeghi A-R, Koch K-M, editors. Trusted Computing - Challenges and Applications: First International Conference on Trusted Computing and Trust in Information Technologies, Trust 2008 Villach, Austria, March 11-12, 2008 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Ghosh S, Elenius D, Li W, Lincoln P, Shankar N, Steiner W. ARSENAL: Automatic Requirements Specification Extraction from Natural Language. In: Rayadurgam S, Tkachuk O, editors. NASA Formal Methods: 8th International Symposium, NFM 2016, Minneapolis, MN, USA, June 7-9, 2016, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 41–6.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmology and Therapy.

Blog post

1. Andrew D. What The World’s Oldest Calculator Tells Us About The Ancient Greeks’ View Of The Universe [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/what-the-worlds-oldest-calculator-tells-us-about-the-ancient-greeks-view-of-the-universe/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Schedule Delays and Cost Overruns Plague DOD Automated Information Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989 May. Report No.: T-IMTEC-89-8.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Roche WA. The Structure and Grounding of Epistemic Justification [Doctoral dissertation]. [Columbus, OH]: Ohio State University; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Billard M. A Class For Every Yoga Mood. New York Times. 2012 Jul 22;ST9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmology and Therapy
Abbreviation	Ophthalmol. Ther.
ISSN (print)	2193-8245
ISSN (online)	2193-6528
Scope	Ophthalmology