How to format your references using the Optimization and Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Optimization and Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zaanen J (2000) High-temperature superconductivity. Stripes defeat the Fermi liquid. Nature 404:714–715

A journal article with 2 authors

Weaver M, Krasnow MA (2008) Dual origin of tissue-specific progenitor cells in Drosophila tracheal remodeling. Science 321:1496–1499

A journal article with 3 authors

Maffione M, Morris A, Anderson MW (2013) Recognizing detachment-mode seafloor spreading in the deep geological past. Sci Rep 3:2336

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Bassett SE, Milne GA, Mitrovica JX, Clark PU (2005) Ice sheet and solid Earth influences on far-field sea-level histories. Science 309:925–928

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lacaze PC, Lacroix J-C (2014) Non-Volatile Memories. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Churchill D, Lu J, Chiu TKF, Fox B (eds) (2016) Mobile Learning Design: Theories and Application. Springer, Singapore

A chapter in an edited book

Hyslop-Margison E, Savarese J l. (2012) The Corporatization of the University. In: Mitchell RC, Moore SA (eds) Politics, Participation & Power Relations: Transdisciplinary Approaches to Critical Citizenship in the Classroom and Community. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp 51–62

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Optimization and Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Bad News, Arachnophobes: All Adults Have Facial Mites. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bad-news-arachnophobes-all-adults-have-facial-mites/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1976) Information Reported by Federal Organizations on the Purpose, Duration, and Cost Associated With Cable Television. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Becker M (2017) Women’s Descriptions Six Months Post Notification of Positive BRCA 1/2 Genetic Mutations. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Murphy MJO (2015) Weekend Entertainments From the Archives of The New York Times. New York Times C29

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zaanen 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Zaanen 2000; Weaver and Krasnow 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Weaver and Krasnow 2008)
Three or more authors: (Bassett et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Optimization and Engineering
Abbreviation	Optim. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1389-4420
ISSN (online)	1573-2924
Scope	Software Aerospace Engineering Civil and Structural Engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering Mechanical Engineering Control and Optimization