How to format your references using the Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine (OJSM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Erickson CL. An artificial landscape-scale fishery in the Bolivian Amazon. Nature. 2000;408(6809):190-193.

A journal article with 2 authors

Contreras JL, Reichman JH. DATA ACCESS. Sharing by design: Data and decentralized commons. Science. 2015;350(6266):1312-1314.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gill RJ, Ramos-Rodriguez O, Raine NE. Combined pesticide exposure severely affects individual- and colony-level traits in bees. Nature. 2012;491(7422):105-108.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Griffith CA, Owen T, Geballe TR, Rayner J, Rannou P. Evidence for the exposure of water ice on Titan’s surface. Science. 2003;300(5619):628-630.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eichhorn MP. Natural Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Zeng J. Type-2 Fuzzy Graphical Models for Pattern Recognition. Vol 591. (Liu ZQ, ed.). Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Guarnieri FA. Biomechanics of Subtractive Surgery: From ALK to LASIK. In: Guarnieri FA, ed. Corneal Biomechanics and Refractive Surgery. Springer; 2015:57-71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine.

Blog post

Luntz S. Independent Populations Adopted Agriculture Within The Fertile Crescent. IFLScience. July 14, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/independent-populations-adopted-agriculture-within-the-fertile-crescent/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Transit Grants: Department of Labor’s Certification Process. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garcia MJ. Teacher Knowledge of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Effective Classroom Interventions. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Art Is Long, Nails Are Longer. New York Times. March 24, 2002:146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^3,4.
This sentence cites four references ^3,4,6,8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
ISSN (online)	2325-9671
Scope