How to format your references using the Pacific Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pacific Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goudsmit, J. 2014. Retrospective. Joep Lange (1954-2014). Science (New York, N.Y.) 345:881.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hanrieder, J., and A. G. Ewing. 2014. Spatial elucidation of spinal cord lipid- and metabolite- regulations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Scientific reports 4:5266.

A journal article with 3 authors

Savrasov, S. Y., G. Kotliar, and E. Abrahams. 2001. Correlated electrons in delta-plutonium within a dynamical mean-field picture. Nature 410:793–795.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Huber, H., M. J. Hohn, R. Rachel, T. Fuchs, V. C. Wimmer, and K. O. Stetter. 2002. A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiont. Nature 417:63–67.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sun, B. 2016. Multiphase Flow in Oil and Gas Well Drilling. John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore.

An edited book

Lea, D., and G. Zavattaro, eds. 2008. Coordination Models and Languages: 10th International Conference, COORDINATION 2008, Oslo, Norway, June 4-6, 2008. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 5052). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Schmid, A.-F. 2012. Couturat’s Reception of Leibniz. Pages 65–83 in R. Krömer and Y. Chin-Drian, eds. New Essays on Leibniz Reception: In Science and Philosophy of Science 1800-2000. Springer, Basel.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pacific Science.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015. Meet The Wild Animals Who Put Their Partners First (Just Don’t Call It Love). IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1998. Year 2000 Computing Crisis: A Testing Guide (Exposure Draft) (Superseded by AIMD-10.1.21) (No. AIMD-10.1.21). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Perantoni, E. J. 2010. Course design based on the Kolb learning style as it relates to student success in online classes (Doctoral dissertation). Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schilling, M. K. 2017. A Sense of Place. New York Times, p. M2100.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goudsmit 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Goudsmit 2014; Hanrieder and Ewing 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hanrieder and Ewing 2014)
Three or more authors: (Huber et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pacific Science
ISSN (print)	0030-8870
ISSN (online)	1534-6188
Scope