How to format your references using the Pain Management Nursing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pain Management Nursing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Favero, I. (2015). Optomechanics: Listening to quantum grains of sound. Nature, 520(7548), 441–442.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lynd, L. R., & Woods, J. (2011). Perspective: A new hope for Africa. Nature, 474(7352), S20-1.

A journal article with 3 authors

Harrington, J., Palethorpe, S., & Watson, C. I. (2000). Does the Queen speak the Queen’s English? Nature, 408(6815), 927–928.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Gunjakar, J. L., Kim, T. W., Kim, I. Y., Lee, J. M., & Hwang, S.-J. (2013). Highly efficient visible light-induced O₂ generation by self-assembled nanohybrids of inorganic nanosheets and polyoxometalate nanoclusters. Scientific Reports, 3, 2080.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Adams, N. (2013). Eclipse of Grace. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Nguyen, N.-T., Hoang, K., & Jȩdrzejowicz, P. (Eds.). (2012). Computational Collective Intelligence. Technologies and Applications: 4th International Conference, ICCCI 2012, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, November 28-30, 2012, Proceedings, Part I (Vol. 7653). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ester, M., Göhner, J. F., & Tilmes, J. (2016). Man the Irrational Animal? In A. Bahr & M. Seidel (Eds.), Ernest Sosa: Targeting His Philosophy (pp. 53–66). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pain Management Nursing.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2016, July 22). Curiosity Can Now Zap Rocks On Mars By Itself. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/curiosity-can-now-zap-rocks-on-mars-by-itself/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2003). Business Modernization: NASA’s Challenges in Managing Its Integrated Financial Management Program (GAO-04-255). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pena, H. (2017). Long-Term Effects of Post-Fire Forest Structure on Understory Vegetation in Larch Forests of the Siberian Arctic [Doctoral dissertation]. Mississippi State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Neuman, W. (2015, June 24). Colombia Military Accused of Deception on Deaths. New York Times, A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Favero, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Favero, 2015; Lynd & Woods, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lynd & Woods, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Gunjakar et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pain Management Nursing
Abbreviation	Pain Manag. Nurs.
ISSN (print)	1524-9042
Scope	Advanced and Specialised Nursing