How to format your references using the Pakistan Veterinary Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pakistan Veterinary Journal (PKV). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dolgin E, 2014. Immunology: Oral solutions. Nature 515:S166-7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gestwicki JE and Kiessling LL, 2002. Inter-receptor communication through arrays of bacterial chemoreceptors. Nature 415:81–84.

A journal article with 3 authors

Alonso S, Sagués F and Mikhailov AS, 2003. Taming Winfree turbulence of scroll waves in excitable media. Science 299:1722–1725.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Steffens S, Veillard NR, Arnaud C, et al., 2005. Low dose oral cannabinoid therapy reduces progression of atherosclerosis in mice. Nature 434:782–786.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Burrows GE and Tyrl RJ, 2012. Toxic Plants of North America. Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford, UK.

An edited book

2015. Applications of Dynamical Systems in Biology and Medicine. Springer: New York, NY.

A chapter in an edited book

Berger J, 2006. The Logical Strength of the Uniform Continuity Theorem. In: Logical Approaches to Computational Barriers: Second Conference on Computability in Europe, CiE 2006, Swansea, UK, June 30-July 5, 2006. Proceedings (Beckmann A, Berger U, Löwe B, et al., eds). Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, pp:35–39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pakistan Veterinary Journal.

Blog post

Andrews R, 2016. Scientists Reveal How Humanity Could Survive The End Of The World. IFLScience. 2016 Available at https://www.iflscience.com/space/two-astrophysicists-explain-how-humanity-could-survive-end-world/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1993. NASA Aeronautics: Protecting Sensitive Technology. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Soheili A, 2008. A transannular Cope approach toward the core structure of isocyclocitrinol. Doctoral dissertation. Columbia University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

LaFRANIERE S, Porat D and Armendariz A, 2016. Unending but Unheard, the Echo of Gun Violence. New York Times A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dolgin, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Dolgin, 2014; Gestwicki and Kiessling, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gestwicki and Kiessling, 2002)
Three authors: (Alonso, Sagués, and Mikhailov, 2003)
4 or more authors: (Steffens et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pakistan Veterinary Journal
ISSN (print)	0253-8318
ISSN (online)	2074-7764
Scope