How to format your references using the Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Althorpe, S. C. (2010). Chemistry. Setting the trap for reactive resonances. Science (New York, N.Y.), 327(5972), 1460–1461.

A journal article with 2 authors

Western, D., & Behrensmeyer, A. K. (2009). Bone assemblages track animal community structure over 40 years in an African savanna ecosystem. Science (New York, N.Y.), 324(5930), 1061–1064.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ice, G. E., Budai, J. D., & Pang, J. W. L. (2011). The race to x-ray microbeam and nanobeam science. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6060), 1234–1239.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Smirnakis, S. M., Brewer, A. A., Schmid, M. C., Tolias, A. S., Schüz, A., Augath, M., et al. (2005). Lack of long-term cortical reorganization after macaque retinal lesions. Nature, 435(7040), 300–307.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Saleh, J. H., & Castet, J.-F. (2011). Spacecraft Reliability and Multi-State Failures. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Ferrier, J.-L., Bernard, A., Gusikhin, O., & Madani, K. (Eds.). (2013). Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics: 8th International Conference, ICINCO 2011 Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, July 28-31, 2011 Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 174). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Delang, C. O., & Li, W. M. (2013). Factors Contributing to Differences in Forest Recovery Rates. In W. M. Li (Ed.), Ecological Succession on Fallowed Shifting Cultivation Fields: A Review of the Literature (pp. 91–122). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2014, November 5). Mysterious Stone Circles Found In The Middle East. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/can-satellites-explain-stone-circles/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2008). Freight Transportation: National Policy and Strategies Can Help Improve Freight Mobility (No. GAO-08-287). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jones, D. M. (2010). Educational paradigm shift: Emergence of the virtual classroom (Doctoral dissertation). University of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B. (2017, April 19). Too Shocking for Midtown in the 1920s. New York Times, p. C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Althorpe 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Althorpe 2010; Western and Behrensmeyer 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Western and Behrensmeyer 2009)
Three or more authors: (Smirnakis et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments
Abbreviation	Paleobiodivers. Paleoenviron.
ISSN (print)	1867-1594
ISSN (online)	1867-1608
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Geology Palaeontology Ecology Global and Planetary Change