How to format your references using the Palaeontology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Palaeontology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

CLAYTON, J. 2010. Chagas disease: pushing through the pipeline. Nature, 465, S12-5.

A journal article with 2 authors

CHANG, L. and KARIN, M. 2001. Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades. Nature, 410, 37–40.

A journal article with 3 authors

RICHARDSON, J. J., BJÖRNMALM, M. and CARUSO, F. 2015. Multilayer assembly. Technology-driven layer-by-layer assembly of nanofilms. Science (New York, N.Y.), 348, aaa2491.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

HUAN, J., WAN, K., LIU, Y., DONG, W. and WANG, G. 2013. Removing PCR for the elimination of undesired DNA fragments cycle by cycle. Scientific reports, 3, 2303.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

WEISBERG, H. I. 2014. Willful Ignorance. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

2015. Circulating microRNAs in Disease Diagnostics and their Potential Biological Relevance. In IGAZ, P. (ed.) Experientia Supplementum. Vol. 106. Springer, Basel.

A chapter in an edited book

CHIBBARO, S., RONDONI, L. and VULPIANI, A. 2014. From Microscopic Reversibility to Macroscopic Irreversibility. In RONDONI, L. and VULPIANI, A. (eds.) Reductionism, Emergence and Levels of Reality: The Importance of Being Borderline, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 71–97 pp.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Palaeontology.

Blog post

ANDREW, E. 2015. Thousands of Red Crabs Invade Southern California Shores. IFLScience. Downloaded from https://www.iflscience.com/environment/thousands-red-crabs-invade-southern-california-shores/ on 30 October 2018. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE. 1971. Assessment of the Teacher Corps Program at Northern Arizona University and Participating Schools on the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

MILLER, R. L. 2015. Models for the Interaction of Structured Populations and the Environment.Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LApp.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

HUBBARD, B. 2017. With Driving Ban Ending, Saudis Wonder Which Rules Will Fall Next. New York Times, A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clayton 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Chang & Karin 2001; Clayton 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chang & Karin 2001)
Three or more authors: (Huan et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Palaeontology
Abbreviation	Palaeontology
ISSN (print)	0031-0239
ISSN (online)	1475-4983
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Palaeontology