How to format your references using the Patterns citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Patterns. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sagarin, R. (2001). False estimates of the advance of spring. Nature 414, 600.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shen, Y., and Ho, L.C. (2014). The diversity of quasars unified by accretion and orientation. Nature 513, 210–213.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cheung, V.G., Sherman, S.L., and Feingold, E. (2010). Genetics. Genetic control of hotspots. Science 327, 791–792.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Hori, M., Shibuya, K., Sato, M., and Saito, Y. (2014). Lethal effects of short-wavelength visible light on insects. Sci. Rep. 4, 7383.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

DeMaris, A. (2004). Regression with Social Data: Modeling Continuous and Limited Response Variables (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.).

An edited book

Curaj, A., Scott, P., Vlasceanu, L., and Wilson, L. eds. (2012). European Higher Education at the Crossroads: Between the Bologna Process and National Reforms (Springer Netherlands).

A chapter in an edited book

Balaji, V., and Seshadri, C.S. (2007). Cohomology of a Moduli Space of Vector Bundles. In The Grothendieck Festschrift: A Collection of Articles Written in Honor of the 60th Birthday of Alexander Grothendieck Progress in Mathematics., P. Cartier, L. Illusie, N. M. Katz, G. Laumon, Y. I. Manin, and K. A. Ribet, eds. (Birkhäuser), pp. 87–120.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Patterns.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014). Smart Artificial Skin Could Give Prosthetic Limbs Feeling. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/smart-artificial-skin-could-give-prosthetic-limbs-feeling/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005). Telecommunications: Strong Support for Extending FCC’s Auction Authority Exists, but Little Agreement on Other Options to Improve Efficient Use of Spectrum (U.S. Government Printing Office).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Farooq, A.S. (2012). Singing the blues: Indicators of mental illness among nursing home elderly.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, M. (1992). THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Democrats; Days After “Final” Word on Draft, Clinton Faces Renewed Questions. New York Times, A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^2,4.
This sentence cites four references ^2,4,6,8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Patterns
ISSN (online)	2666-3899
Scope