How to format your references using the Pediatric Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kramer M. Astronomy. Extreme spinning tops. Science 2009;324:1396–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Casali A, Struhl G. Reading the Hedgehog morphogen gradient by measuring the ratio of bound to unbound Patched protein. Nature 2004;431:76–80.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nowak MA, Tarnita CE, Wilson EO. The evolution of eusociality. Nature 2010;466:1057–62.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Intlekofer AM et al. Acquired resistance to IDH inhibition through trans or cis dimer-interface mutations. Nature 2018;559:125–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hofmeyr GJ et al. A Cochrane Pocketbook: Pregnancy and Childbirth. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Lundström A, Zhou C, von Friedrichs Y, Sundin E, editors. Social Entrepreneurship: Leveraging Economic, Political, and Cultural Dimensions. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Stoller SD. An Administrative Model for Relationship-Based Access Control. In: Samarati P, editor. Data and Applications Security and Privacy XXIX: 29th Annual IFIP WG 11.3 Working Conference, DBSec 2015, Fairfax, VA, USA, July 13-15, 2015, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 53–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Research.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. Facebook Is Adding A “Dislike” Button [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/facebook-adding-dislike-button-so-you-can-show-empathy-sad-posts/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Possible Misuse of Public Funds in Sale of Park Land. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1970.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reimer EL. Grant proposal: Support services for families of children diagnosed with autism. 2010;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schmidt MS. Comey Wanted President Kept At a Distance. New York Times. 2017;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Research
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Res.
ISSN (print)	0031-3998
ISSN (online)	1530-0447
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health