How to format your references using the Pediatric Surgery International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatric Surgery International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marris E (2006) Sugar cane and ethanol: drink the best and drive the rest. Nature 444:670–672

A journal article with 2 authors

Lane J, Bertuzzi S (2011) Research funding. Measuring the results of science investments. Science 331:678–680

A journal article with 3 authors

Mustard JF, Cooper CD, Rifkin MK (2001) Evidence for recent climate change on Mars from the identification of youthful near-surface ground ice. Nature 412:411–414

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Korzhnev DM, Salvatella X, Vendruscolo M, et al (2004) Low-populated folding intermediates of Fyn SH3 characterized by relaxation dispersion NMR. Nature 430:586–590

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cauvin C, Escobar F, Serradj A (2013) Thematic Cartography and Transformations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Segers RT (2016) Multinational Management: A Casebook on Asia’s Global Market Leaders, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Khuseyinova N, Koenig W (2008) C-Reactive Protein and Other Inflammatory Markers in Cardiovascular Disease. In: Davidson MH, Toth PP, Maki KC, Gotto AM (eds) Therapeutic Lipidology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp 69–112

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatric Surgery International.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Scientists Identify Brain Expanding Gene In Humans. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/scientists-identify-brain-expanding-gene-humans/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1973) Air Force Technology Development Underway Throughout the Aerospace Industry. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zhu Z (2010) Financial restatements: Implications for management earnings forecasts. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland J (2017) Acting on Broadway, Sleeping on His Couch. New York Times MB2

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatric Surgery International
Abbreviation	Pediatr. Surg. Int.
ISSN (print)	0179-0358
ISSN (online)	1437-9813
Scope	General Medicine Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Surgery