How to format your references using the Pediatrics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pediatrics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Fan X. Astronomy. Black holes at the cosmic dawn. Science. 2003;300(5620):752-753.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nagib DA, MacMillan DWC. Trifluoromethylation of arenes and heteroarenes by means of photoredox catalysis. Nature. 2011;480(7376):224-228.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zanardi I, Zifarelli G, Pusch M. An optical assay of the transport activity of ClC-7. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1231.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Fiaux J, Bertelsen EB, Horwich AL, Wüthrich K. NMR analysis of a 900K GroEL GroES complex. Nature. 2002;418(6894):207-211.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jank W, Shmueli G. Modeling Online Auctions. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Orey M, Jones SA, Branch RM, eds. Educational Media and Technology Yearbook: Volume 36, 2011. Vol 36. Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Bernstein DJ, Lange T, Peters C, Schwabe P. Faster 2-Regular Information-Set Decoding. In: Chee YM, Guo Z, Ling S, et al., eds. Coding and Cryptology: Third International Workshop, IWCC 2011, Qingdao, China, May 30-June 3, 2011. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2011:81-98.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pediatrics.

Blog post

Taub B. Scientists Have Found The Source Of Emotional Resilience In The Brain. IFLScience. July 22, 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Education Finance: Extent of Federal Funding in State Education Agencies. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wilbur LJ. Perceptions of Missouri Public School Early Childhood Teachers and Administrators in Regard to Technology and Current Practices. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman J. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times. August 18, 2017:MM20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pediatrics
Abbreviation	Pediatrics
ISSN (print)	0031-4005
ISSN (online)	1098-4275
Scope	Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health