How to format your references using the Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stern P (2013) The heavily connected brain. Connection, connection, connection... Introduction. Science 342:577

A journal article with 2 authors

Karsenty G, Ferron M (2012) The contribution of bone to whole-organism physiology. Nature 481:314–320

A journal article with 3 authors

Budd GE, Butterfield NJ, Jensen S (2001) Crustaceans and the “Cambrian explosion.” Science 294:2047

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wildermuth S, Hofferberth S, Lesanovsky I, et al (2005) Bose-Einstein condensates: microscopic magnetic-field imaging. Nature 435:440

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Southard TE, Marshall SD, Bonner LL (2015) Orthodontics in the Vertical Dimension. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Li Q, Spaccapietra S, Yu E, Olivé A (2008) Conceptual Modeling - ER 2008: 27th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, Barcelona, Spain, October 20-24, 2008. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Burns SN (2016) Gene Expression, Epigenetic Regulation, and Cancer. In: Mishra MK, Bishnupuri KS (eds) Epigenetic Advancements in Cancer. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 79–96

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications.

Blog post

Luntz S (2017) Male Birds Like Neighbors With Similar Personality. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2016) Data Center Consolidation: Agencies Making Progress, but Planned Savings Goals Need to Be Established [Reissued on March 4, 2016]. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson EA (2008) Factors associated with post-stroke depressive symptoms and quality of life. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron J (2016) Art That’s Disposable, but by No Means Throwaway. New York Times A19

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications
Abbreviation	Peer Peer Netw. Appl.
ISSN (print)	1936-6442
ISSN (online)	1936-6450
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Software