How to format your references using the Performance Evaluation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Performance Evaluation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M.A. Bradford, Ecology: Good dirt with good friends, Nature 505 (2014) 486–487.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

E.M. Hammond, A.J. Giaccia, Antiangiogenic therapy and p53, Science 297 (2002) 471; discussion 471.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

H. Tanimura, J. Kanasaki, K. Tanimura, State-resolved ultrafast dynamics of impact ionization in InSb, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6849.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

D.C. Zappacosta, A.C. Ochogavía, J.M. Rodrigo, J.R. Romero, M.S. Meier, I. Garbus, S.C. Pessino, V.C. Echenique, Increased apomixis expression concurrent with genetic and epigenetic variation in a newly synthesized Eragrostis curvula polyploid, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 4423.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

V. Smith, Toni Morrison, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

O.P. Karthikeyan, K. Heimann, S.S. Muthu, eds., Recycling of Solid Waste for Biofuels and Bio-chemicals, Springer, Singapore, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

L.J. Hansen, J.R. Hoffman, Assessing Vulnerability to Climate Change, in: J.R. Hoffman (Ed.), Climate Savvy: Adapting Conservation and Resource Management to a Changing World, Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, Washington, DC, 2011: pp. 55–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Performance Evaluation.

Blog post

[1]

B. Taub, Crystal Meth In Adelaide’s Sewage Has Doubled In Four Years, IFLScience (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/australian-poo-full-crystal-meth-0/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Drug Education: School-Based Programs Seen as Useful but Impact Unknown, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1990.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

B.J. Van Gilder, American students’ communication abroad: Factors promoting and inhibiting interactions with host nationals, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Greenhouse, Justices Turn Aside Case of Man Accusing C.I.A. of Torture, New York Times (2007) A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Performance Evaluation
ISSN (print)	0166-5316
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications Hardware and Architecture Software Modelling and Simulation