How to format your references using the Perioperative Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Perioperative Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Martin T. Paleontology. Early mammalian evolutionary experiments. Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1109–10.

A journal article with 2 authors

Davies NB, Welbergen JA. Social transmission of a host defense against cuckoo parasitism. Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1318–20.

A journal article with 3 authors

Berkhout B, Das AT, Beerens N. HIV-1 RNA editing, hypermutation, and error-prone reverse transcription. Science. 2001 Apr 6;292(5514):7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Guo L, Liang P, Zhou X, Gao X. Novel mutations and mutation combinations of ryanodine receptor in a chlorantraniliprole resistant population of Plutella xylostella (L.). Sci. Rep. 2014 Nov 7;4:6924.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Chin W. Reservoir Engineering in Modern Oilfields. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Wu Y, editor. Advances in Computer, Communication, Control and Automation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Wilding JPH. Intestinal lipase inhibitors. In: Wilding JPH, editor. Pharmacotherapy of Obesity. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2008. p. 47–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Perioperative Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Andrei Linde Receives News About Gravitational Wave Breakthrough. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Federal Transit Benefit Program: DOT’s Debit-Card Internal Controls Are Designed to Be Consistent with Federal Standards. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015 May. Report No.: GAO-15-497.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garlapally V. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Impact on Metamorphosis and Thyroid Development in African Clawed Frogs [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Otis J. Giving Up Almost Everything to Care for His Wife? ‘I See It as a Pleasure.’ New York Times. 2016 Dec 27;A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Martin 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Davies and Welbergen 2009; Martin 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Davies and Welbergen 2009)
Three or more authors: (Guo et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Perioperative Medicine
Abbreviation	Perioper. Med. (Lond.)
ISSN (online)	2047-0525
Scope