How to format your references using the Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zeng, W., 2008. China’s challenge. Nature 452, 1028–1029.

A journal article with 2 authors

Beveridge, C., Morris, S., 2007. Order of merit. Nature 448, 508.

A journal article with 3 authors

Elias, L.A.B., Wang, D.D., Kriegstein, A.R., 2007. Gap junction adhesion is necessary for radial migration in the neocortex. Nature 448, 901–907.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zazula, G.D., Froese, D.G., Schweger, C.E., Mathewes, R.W., Beaudoin, A.B., Telka, A.M., Harington, C.R., Westgate, J.A., 2003. Palaeobotany: Ice-age steppe vegetation in east Beringia. Nature 423, 603.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wolbarst, A.B., Capasso, P., Wyant, A.R., 2013. Medical Imaging. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Sarkis, J., Cordeiro, J.J., Vazquez Brust, D. (Eds.), 2010. Facilitating Sustainable Innovation through Collaboration: A Multi-Stakeholder Perspective. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Guckenberger, M., 2015. Stereotaxic Body Radiotherapy for Stage I NSCLC, in: Peters, S., Besse, B. (Eds.), New Therapeutic Strategies in Lung Cancers. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 33–48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2017. Meet Zuul, Destroyer Of Shins, A Dinosaur Named After The Baddie From Ghostbusters [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/meet-zuul-destroyer-of-shins-a-dinosaur-named-after-the-baddie-from-ghostbusters/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2014. Maritime Critical Infrastructure Protection: DHS Needs to Better Address Port Cybersecurity (No. GAO-14-459). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gillespie, S.E., 2014. Landscapes in Flux (Doctoral dissertation). Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Higgins, A., 2013. Lawyers Hint At Possibility Of Recovery Of Stolen Art. New York Times A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Zeng, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Beveridge and Morris, 2007; Zeng, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Beveridge and Morris, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Zazula et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation
Abbreviation	Perspect. Ecol. Conserv.
ISSN (print)	2530-0644
Scope