How to format your references using the Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jan, Eric. 2015. “Molecular Biology: Signals across Domains of Life.” Nature 519 (7541): 40–41.

A journal article with 2 authors

Huynh, Khanh D., and Jeannie T. Lee. 2003. “Inheritance of a Pre-Inactivated Paternal X Chromosome in Early Mouse Embryos.” Nature 426 (6968): 857–862.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hassan, M. A., Reza Mahmoodian, and M. Hamdi. 2014. “Modified Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (MSPH) for the Analysis of Centrifugally Assisted TiC-Fe-Al2O3 Combustion Synthesis.” Scientific Reports 4 (January 2014): 3724.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Seemann, J., E. Jokitalo, M. Pypaert, and G. Warren. 2000. “Matrix Proteins Can Generate the Higher Order Architecture of the Golgi Apparatus.” Nature 407 (6807): 1022–1026.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McCall, Martin W. 2010. Classical Mechanics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Mazzone, Luigi, and Benedetto Vitiello, eds. 2016. Psychiatric Symptoms and Comorbidities in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Boriçi, Artan. 2005. “Determinant and Order Statistics.” In QCD and Numerical Analysis III: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Numerical Analysis and Lattice QCD, Edinburgh June-July 2003, edited by Artan Bori~i, Andreas Frommer, Bálint Joó, Anthony Kennedy, and Brian Pendleton, 57–66. Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2014. “Why European Fruit Flies Hold Their Liquor Better Than Tropical Ones.” IFLScience, IFLScience, November 13. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/why-european-fruit-flies-hold-their-liquor-better-tropical-ones/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1987. Motor Vehicle Safety: A Review of the NTSB Report on Rear Seat Lap Belt Effectiveness. RCED-88-13. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Theisen, Teresa D. 2008. “Improving the Collaboration Infrastructure of an Online Inter -Institutional Consortium.” Doctoral dissertation, Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, Mary Williams. 2010. “Pension Fraud By New Jersey Cited by S.E.C.” New York Times, August 18, 2010.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Jan 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Jan 2015; Huynh and Lee 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Huynh and Lee 2003)
Three authors: (Hassan, Mahmoodian, and Hamdi 2014)
4 or more authors: (Seemann et al. 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education
ISSN (print)	1360-3108
ISSN (online)	1460-7018
Scope	Education