How to format your references using the Petroleum Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Petroleum Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Proud CG. Cell signaling. mTOR, unleashed. Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):926–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Suits AG, Parker DH. Photochemistry. Hot molecules--off the beaten path. Science. 2014 Oct 3;346(6205):30–1.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhou H, Guan H, Chi B. Record of winter monsoon strength. Nature. 2007 Nov 15;450(7168):E10-1; discussion E11.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Merrell DS, Butler SM, Qadri F, Dolganov NA, Alam A, Cohen MB, et al. Host-induced epidemic spread of the cholera bacterium. Nature. 2002 Jun 6;417(6889):642–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vitale J, Len IH. Zero Limits. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2008.

An edited book

Allison C, Morgado L, Pirker J, Beck D, Richter J, Gütl C, editors. Immersive Learning Research Network: Second International Conference, iLRN 2016 Santa Barbara, CA, USA, June 27 – July 1, 2016 Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Bellocchio F, Borghese NA, Ferrari S, Piuri V. Hierarchical Radial Basis Functions Networks. In: Borghese NA, Ferrari S, Piuri V, editors. 3D Surface Reconstruction: Multi-Scale Hierarchical Approaches. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. p. 77–110.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Petroleum Science.

Blog post

Andrew D. Five Ways Nanoscience Is Making Science Fiction Into Fact [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/five-ways-nanoscience-is-making-science-fiction-into-fact/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Tax Information Safeguard Activity Annual Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1984 Jun. Report No.: GGD-84-83.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kotch S. Unduly harsh and unworkably rigid: The death penalty in North Carolina, 1910–1961 [Doctoral dissertation]. [Chapel Hill, NC]: University of North Carolina; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. The Fine Art of Using Love as a Weapon. New York Times. 2016 Oct 31;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Proud 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Proud 2007; Suits and Parker 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Suits and Parker 2014)
Three or more authors: (Merrell et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Petroleum Science
Abbreviation	Pet. Sci.
ISSN (print)	1672-5107
ISSN (online)	1995-8226
Scope	Economic Geology Geochemistry and Petrology Geology Geophysics Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Energy Engineering and Power Technology Fuel Technology