How to format your references using the PHAGE: Therapy, Applications, and Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PHAGE: Therapy, Applications, and Research (PHAGE). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Callaway E. Dogs help sniff out genes. Nature 2007;449(7162):514.

A journal article with 2 authors

Griffin AS, West SA. Kin discrimination and the benefit of helping in cooperatively breeding vertebrates. Science 2003;302(5645):634–636.

A journal article with 3 authors

Liu W, Pellegrini M, Wang X. Detecting communities based on network topology. Sci Rep 2014;4:5739.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Shoaie S, Karlsson F, Mardinoglu A, et al. Understanding the interactions between bacteria in the human gut through metabolic modeling. Sci Rep 2013;3:2532.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Robinson MD. An Employer’s and Engineer’s Guide to the FIDIC Conditions of Contract. John Wiley & Sons: Oxford; 2013.

An edited book

Bandle C, Losonczi L, Gilányi A, et al., (eds). Inequalities and Applications: Conference on Inequalities and Applications, Noszvaj (Hungary), September 2007. International Series of Numerical Mathematics. Birkhäuser: Basel; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Ainoo AO, Amegbey N, Suglo RS. Environmental Impact of Mining and Ore Processing – A Case Study at Satellite Goldfields Limited. In: Environment and Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: Managing an Emerging Crisis: Selected Papers from ERTEP 2007, July 17-19 2007, Ghana, Africa. (Luginaah IN, Yanful EK. eds) Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht; 2009; pp. 53–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PHAGE: Therapy, Applications, and Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. Real Crisis In Psychology Isn’t That Studies Don’t Replicate, But That We Usually Don’t Even Try. IFLScience; 2015. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/real-crisis-psychology-isn-t-studies-don-t-replicate-we-usually-don-t-even-try/ [Last accessed: 10/30/2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Pipeline Safety: Better Data and Guidance Needed to Improve Pipeline Operator Incident Response. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mullican CD. Multiple Intelligences in the Text: Examining the Presence of Multiple Intelligences Tasks in the Annotated Teacher’s Editions of Four High School United States History Textbooks. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Florida: Tampa, FL; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. For Knicks’ Lee, a Grandfather, Mentor and Pal. New York Times 2010;B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	PHAGE: Therapy, Applications, and Research
ISSN (print)	2641-6530
ISSN (online)	2641-6549
Scope