How to format your references using the Pharmaceutical Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pharmaceutical Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Gadagkar R. Evolution. Sex...only if really necessary in a feminine monarchy. Science. 2004;306:1694–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Vidale JE, Earle PS. Fine-scale heterogeneity in the Earth’s inner core. Nature. 2000;404:273–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Weber W, Riesen S, Siegmann HC. Magnetization precession by hot spin injection. Science. 2001;291:1015–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Wolff J, Papathanasiou AG, Kevrekidis IG, Rotermund HH, Ertl G. Spatiotemporal addressing of surface activity. Science. 2001;294:134–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Irene EA. Electronic Materials Science. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

1. Golland P, Hata N, Barillot C, Hornegger J, Howe R, editors. Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2014: 17th International Conference, Boston, MA, USA, September 14-18, 2014, Proceedings, Part III. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Haroun R. Philosophical and Spiritual Roots of Aikido. In: Wagner W, editor. AiKiDô: The Trinity of Conflict Transformation. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden; 2015. p. 87–113.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pharmaceutical Research.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. Breakthrough In Search For Life As Seven Earth-Sized Worlds Found Orbiting Nearby Star [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/space/breakthrough-in-search-for-life-as-seven-earthsized-worlds-found-orbiting-nearby-star/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Transportation Infrastructure: States Benefit From Block Grant Flexibility. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Jun. Report No.: RCED-90-126.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Matheny AL. Home gardener preferences, perceptions, knowledge and behaviors associated with pest management strategies and information acquisition [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Dinardo K. Sarah Aciego on Breaking Barriers to Arctic Travel. New York Times. 2015 Sep 27;TR3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Pharmaceutical Research
Abbreviation	Pharm. Res.
ISSN (print)	0724-8741
ISSN (online)	1573-904X
Scope	Biotechnology Molecular Medicine Organic Chemistry Pharmacology (medical) Pharmaceutical Science Pharmacology