How to format your references using the Pharmacognosy Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pharmacognosy Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cyranoski D. The changing face of industry. Nature. 2015;528(7582):S184-6.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dauphas N, Kasting JF. Low pCO2 in the pore water, not in the Archean air. Nature. 2011;474(7349):E2-3; discussion E4-5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Song BS, Noda S, Asano T. Photonic devices based on in-plane hetero photonic crystals. Science. 2003;300(5625):1537.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Gallopin T, Fort P, Eggermann E, et al. Identification of sleep-promoting neurons in vitro. Nature. 2000;404(6781):992-995.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

El-Haik B, Roy DM. Service Design for Six Sigma. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Martínez-Trinidad JF, Carrasco-Ochoa JA, Kittler J, eds. Advances in Pattern Recognition: Second Mexican Conference on Pattern Recognition, MCPR 2010, Puebla, Mexico, September 27-29, 2010. Proceedings. Vol 6256. Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Ferrari A. Perceptive Defects. In: Cioni G, ed. The Spastic Forms of Cerebral Palsy: A Guide to the Assessment of Adaptive Functions. Springer; 2010:73-98.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pharmacognosy Journal.

Blog post

Carpineti A. There Are Dangerous Asteroids Hiding Among The Taurid Meteor Shower. IFLScience. May 26, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/there-are-dangerous-asteroids-hiding-among-the-taurid-meteor-shower/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: Vulnerabilities and Potential Improvements for the Air Cargo System. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Trahan MW. Large-Scale 20th Century Warming Identified in the East Siberian Arctic Using Tree-Ring Carbon Isotope Records. Doctoral dissertation. University of Louisiana; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chapman MM. Fiat Chrysler Union Contract Faces Hurdles. New York Times. September 29, 2015:B5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Pharmacognosy Journal
ISSN (print)	0975-3575
Scope	Drug Discovery Pharmacology