How to format your references using the Phycological Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Phycological Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kelly, R.L. 2011. Retrospective. Lewis R. Binford (1931-2011).

A journal article with 2 authors

Vasconcelos, C. and McKenzie, J.A. 2009. Geochemistry. The descent of minerals.

A journal article with 3 authors

King, J.-R., Bekinschtein, T. and Dehaene, S. 2011. Comment on “Preserved feedforward but impaired top-down processes in the vegetative state.”

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Carreira, S., Goodall, J., Aksan, I. et al. 2005. Mitf cooperates with Rb1 and activates p21Cip1 expression to regulate cell cycle progression.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Krishnan, V. 2006. Probability and Random Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Bolduc, C., Desharnais, J. and Ktari, B. (Eds.) 2010. Mathematics of Program Construction: 10th International Conference, MPC 2010, Québec City, Canada, June 21-23, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Erseghe, T., Laurenti, N., Rizzi, V. and Corvaja, R. 2007. A Packet Detection Algorithm for the UWB Standard ECMA 368. In Pupolin, S. (Ed) Wireless Communications 2007 CNIT Thyrrenian Symposium. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp. 51–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Phycological Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2013. Newly-Discovered Fossils Suggest That Big Cats Originated in Asia. [updated: October 30, 2018; cited: October 30, 2018]. Available At: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/newly-discovered-fossils-suggest-big-cats-originated-asia/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2014. Child Welfare: Federal Agencies Can Better Support State Efforts to Prevent and Respond to Sexual Abuse by School Personnel. No. GAO-14-42.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McCarthy, A.C. 2012. Tangle towns tie-breaker: A multidimensional knapsack study. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eligon, J. 2017. Cagey Mayweather Saves Fireworks for Last.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kelly 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Vasconcelos & McKenzie 2009; Kelly 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Vasconcelos & McKenzie 2009)
Three or more authors: (Carreira et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Phycological Research
Abbreviation	Phycological Res.
ISSN (print)	1322-0829
ISSN (online)	1440-1835
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Physiology