How to format your references using the Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Thauer, R.K., 2007. Microbiology. A fifth pathway of carbon fixation. Science 318, 1732–1733.

A journal article with 2 authors

Blondin, J.M., Mezzacappa, A., 2007. Pulsar spins from an instability in the accretion shock of supernovae. Nature 445, 58–60.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sambarey, A., Prashanthi, K., Chandra, N., 2013. Mining large-scale response networks reveals “topmost activities” in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Sci. Rep. 3, 2302.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fischer-Friedrich, E., Hyman, A.A., Jülicher, F., Müller, D.J., Helenius, J., 2014. Quantification of surface tension and internal pressure generated by single mitotic cells. Sci. Rep. 4, 6213.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shreves, R., 2009. Joomla!® Bible. Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA.

An edited book

Ermolayev, V., Mayr, H.C., Nikitchenko, M., Spivakovsky, A., Zholtkevych, G. (Eds.), 2013. Information and Communication Technologies in Education, Research, and Industrial Applications: 9th International Conference, ICTERI 2013, Kherson, Ukraine, June 19-22, 2013, Revised Selected Papers, Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Stafford, C., 2016. Confronting “The Conditions” of Sénégalese Higher Education: Reframing Representation and Activism, in: DeJaeghere, J.G., Josić, J., McCleary, K.S. (Eds.), Education and Youth Agency: Qualitative Case Studies in Global Contexts, Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 65–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Maddest Scientists Of All Time [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1973. Possible Extended Use of the Federal Telecommunications System by DOD (No. B-133201). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brandom, B.M., 2009. Spiritual and emotional needs of young adults who are members of mainstream Protestant churches (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Johnson, G., 2014. Why Everyone Seems to Have Cancer. New York Times SR1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Thauer, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Blondin and Mezzacappa, 2007; Thauer, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Blondin and Mezzacappa, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Fischer-Friedrich et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
Abbreviation	Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
ISSN (print)	0031-9201
Scope	Geophysics Space and Planetary Science Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) Astronomy and Astrophysics