How to format your references using the Physiological Measurement citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physiological Measurement. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Nielsen M W 2015 Make academic job advertisements fair to all Nature 525 427

A journal article with 2 authors

Ochman H and Raghavan R 2009 Systems biology. Excavating the functional landscape of bacterial cells Science 326 1200–1

A journal article with 3 authors

Stephens D W, McLinn C M and Stevens J R 2002 Discounting and reciprocity in an Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma Science 298 2216–8

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Longini I M Jr, Nizam A, Xu S, Ungchusak K, Hanshaoworakul W, Cummings D A T and Halloran M E 2005 Containing pandemic influenza at the source Science 309 1083–7

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Spotte S 2016 Tarpons (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd)

An edited book

Weber A 2016 Politicized Ethnicity: A Comparative Perspective ed W Hiers and A Flesken (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US)

A chapter in an edited book

Sanz R, Bermejo J, López I and Gómez J 2008 A Real-Time Agent System Perspective of Meaning and Sapience Toward Artificial Sapience: Principles and Methods for Wise Systems ed R V Mayorga and L I Perlovsky (London: Springer) pp 61–73

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physiological Measurement.

Blog post

Hale T 2015 This Church Has A Chandelier Made Entirely Of Human Bones IFLScience Online: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/church-bones-features-chandelier-made-every-human-bone/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2015 School Nutrition: USDA Has Efforts Underway to Help Address Ongoing Challenges Implementing Changes in Nutrition Standards (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Parker E C 2010 Perceptions of youth with diabetes and their parents/guardians about youth eating habits and nutrition-related difficulties Doctoral dissertation (Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh M W 2017 Policyholders in Limbo After Rare Failure of Insurer New York Times BU5

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Nielsen 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Nielsen 2015, Ochman and Raghavan 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ochman and Raghavan 2009)
Three or more authors: (Longini et al 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Physiological Measurement
Abbreviation	Physiol. Meas.
ISSN (print)	0967-3334
ISSN (online)	1361-6579
Scope	Biophysics Physiology Biomedical Engineering Physiology (medical)