How to format your references using the Physiotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Physiotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Running SW. Ecology. A measurable planetary boundary for the biosphere. Science 2012;337:1458–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Emini EA, Koff WC. AIDS/HIV. Developing an AIDS vaccine: need, uncertainty, hope. Science 2004;304:1913–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Coulthard G, Erb W, Aggarwal VK. Stereocontrolled organocatalytic synthesis of prostaglandin PGF2α in seven steps. Nature 2012;489:278–81.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Etchegaray J-P, Lee C, Wade PA, Reppert SM. Rhythmic histone acetylation underlies transcription in the mammalian circadian clock. Nature 2003;421:177–82.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Darbyshire P, Hampton D. Hedge Fund Modelling and Analysis Using Excel and VBA. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Herzig A, Lorini E, editors. The Cognitive Foundations of Group Attitudes and Social Interaction. vol. 5. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Hardt N, Kuttenberger J. Mechanisms of Craniofacial Fractures. In: Hardt N, Kuttenberger J, editors. Craniofacial Trauma: Diagnosis and Management, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010, p. 55–61.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Physiotherapy.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. New Superhydrophobic Surface Inspired By The Eye Of A Fly. IFLScience 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Environmental Satellites: Polar-orbiting Satellite Acquisition Faces Delays; Decisions Needed on Whether and How to Ensure Climate Data Continuity. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Bornmann JW. Becoming soldiers: Army Basic Training and the negotiation of identity. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Hodara S. At Storm King, Fields of Stars, Rulers and Pipes. New York Times 2016:WE9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Physiotherapy
Abbreviation	Physiotherapy
ISSN (print)	0031-9406
Scope	Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation