How to format your references using the PhytoKeys citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for PhytoKeys. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jones WD (2002) Synthetic chemistry. The key to successful organic synthesis is. Science (New York, N.Y.) 295: 289–290.

A journal article with 2 authors

Darst CR, Cummings ME (2006) Predator learning favours mimicry of a less-toxic model in poison frogs. Nature 440: 208–211.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chen S, Zhang YE, Long M (2010) New genes in Drosophila quickly become essential. Science (New York, N.Y.) 330: 1682–1685.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Huang C, Rajfur Z, Borchers C, Schaller MD, Jacobson K (2003) JNK phosphorylates paxillin and regulates cell migration. Nature 424: 219–223.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Simpkins AM, Simpkins CA (2010) Meditation and Yoga in Psychotherapy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Rehm G, Uszkoreit H (Eds) (2012) The Norwegian Language in the Digital Age: Nynorskversjon. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, VI, 81 p. 24 illus. in color pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Umbreit E, Shimko M, Gettman M (2012) Prostate Anatomy and Prostate Cancer Screening, Diagnosis, Staging, and Prevention. In: Ponsky LE, Fuller DB, Meier RM, Ma C (Eds), Robotic Radiosurgery. Treating Prostate Cancer and Related Genitourinary Applications. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 29–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for PhytoKeys.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) “Artificial Leaf” Reaches Best Level Of Solar Energy Efficiency Yet. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/artificial-leaf-reached-best-level-efficiency-yet/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1980) Controls Over Nonimmigrant Aliens Remain Ineffective. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ramirez M (2015) Support groups for caregivers of older adults with end stage renal disease: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2016) The Facts About Abortion Rights. New York Times: SR1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Jones 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Jones 2002, Darst and Cummings 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Darst and Cummings 2006)
Three or more authors: (Huang et al. 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	PhytoKeys
ISSN (print)	1314-2011
ISSN (online)	1314-2003
Scope