How to format your references using the Polar Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Polar Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Merilä, J., 2009. Evolution. Genetic constraints on adaptation? Science 325, 1212–1213.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bowerman, B., O’Rourke, S.M., 2012. Development. Pushing your back into place. Science 336, 984–985.

A journal article with 3 authors

Burns, P.C., Ewing, R.C., Navrotsky, A., 2012. Nuclear fuel in a reactor accident. Science 335, 1184–1188.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Roukny, T., Bersini, H., Pirotte, H., Caldarelli, G., Battiston, S., 2013. Default cascades in complex networks: topology and systemic risk. Sci. Rep. 3, 2759.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schneider, H.J., 2013. Wittgenstein’s Later Theory of Meaning. John Wiley & Sons Inc., Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Lasjaunias, P., 2006. Surgical Neuroangiography: Clinical and Interventional Aspects in Children, 2nd ed. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Maris, C., Jacobs, F., 2012. Hobbes, Locke, and Spinoza, in: Maris, C.W., Jacobs, F.C.L.M. (Eds.), Law, Order and Freedom: A Historical Introduction to Legal Philosophy, Law and Philosophy Library. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 111–138.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Polar Science.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Adorable Baby Sloth Born At London Zoo [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2000. Welfare Reform: Improving State Automated Systems Requires Coordinated Federal Effort (No. HEHS-00-48). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zhang, X., 2012. Electroweak interactions and the delta resonance in a chiral effective field theory for nuclei (Doctoral dissertation). Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kanter, J., 2017. With Dutch Vote, E.U. Free-Trade Deal With Ukraine Nears Final Approval. New York Times A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Merilä, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Bowerman and O’Rourke, 2012; Merilä, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bowerman and O’Rourke, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Roukny et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Polar Science
Abbreviation	Polar Sci.
ISSN (print)	1873-9652
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics General Earth and Planetary Sciences Ecology