How to format your references using the Population and Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Population and Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Scarpa, R. (2001). Volcanology. Predicting volcanic eruptions. Science (New York, N.Y.), 293(5530), 615–616.

A journal article with 2 authors

Little, D. P., & Jeanson, M. L. (2013). DNA barcode authentication of saw palmetto herbal dietary supplements. Scientific reports, 3, 3518.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fujisawa, K., Wrana, J. L., & Culotti, J. G. (2007). The slit receptor EVA-1 coactivates a SAX-3/Robo mediated guidance signal in C. elegans. Science (New York, N.Y.), 317(5846), 1934–1938.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Joiner, W. J., Crocker, A., White, B. H., & Sehgal, A. (2006). Sleep in Drosophila is regulated by adult mushroom bodies. Nature, 441(7094), 757–760.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Alexandrovna, M. I., Ionin, B. I., & Tebby, J. C. (2013). Alkynes in Cycloadditions. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Ryżko, D., Rybiński, H., Gawrysiak, P., & Kryszkiewicz, M. (Eds.). (2011). Emerging Intelligent Technologies in Industry (Vol. 369). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Oyama, T. (2016). Diagnosis of Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Magnified Endoscopy. In T. Oyama (Ed.), Endoscopic Diagnosis of Superficial Gastric Cancer for ESD (pp. 39–51). Tokyo: Springer Japan.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Population and Environment.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2017, May 9). Has The Mystery Of Comet 67P’s Oxygen Just Been Explained? IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1999). Federal Facilities: Alternative Land Uses Could Save Water at Fallon Naval Air Station, Nevada (No. RCED/NSIAD-00-42). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Briseno, A. R. (2015). Improving school performance through family involvement: A grant project (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, C. (2007, April 15). This Affordable Housing Would Stay Affordable. New York Times, p. WE9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Scarpa 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Little and Jeanson 2013; Scarpa 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Little and Jeanson 2013)
Three or more authors: (Joiner et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Population and Environment
Abbreviation	Popul. Environ.
ISSN (print)	0199-0039
ISSN (online)	1573-7810
Scope	Environmental Science (miscellaneous) Demography