How to format your references using the Population Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Population Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Marangos J (2000) Faster than a speeding photon. Nature 406:243–244

A journal article with 2 authors

Murphy JJ, Melchiorre P (2015) Organic chemistry: Light opens pathways for nickel catalysis. Nature 524:297–298

A journal article with 3 authors

Warner DA, Uller T, Shine R (2013) Transgenerational sex determination: the embryonic environment experienced by a male affects offspring sex ratio. Sci Rep 3:2709

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Vassylyev DG, Vassylyeva MN, Perederina A, et al (2007) Structural basis for transcription elongation by bacterial RNA polymerase. Nature 448:157–162

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shelton T (2013) Business Models for the Social Mobile Cloud. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

An edited book

Balula A (2014) Evaluation of Online Higher Education: Learning, Interaction and Technology. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Kidd TH, Vural M, Ravichandran G (2010) Transverse Response of Unidirectional Composites Under a Wide Range of Confinements and Strain Rates. In: Shukla A, Ravichandran G, Rajapakse YDS (eds) Dynamic Failure of Materials and Structures. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 131–152

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Population Ecology.

Blog post

Andrews R (2017) Top Scientist Reminds Republicans That “Science Is Not A Political Construct.” In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2003) Charter Schools: New Charter Schools Across the Country and in the District of Columbia Face Similar Start-Up Challenges. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Dorsey V (2015) Impact of a family council intervention on owner knowledge and stewardship within a family business. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Yee V (2015) Eight Passengers’ Deaths Echo Across the Region and the World. New York Times A20

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Marangos 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Marangos 2000; Murphy and Melchiorre 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Murphy and Melchiorre 2015)
Three or more authors: (Vassylyev et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Population Ecology
Abbreviation	Popul. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	1438-3896
ISSN (online)	1438-390X
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics