How to format your references using the Portuguese Economic Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Portuguese Economic Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Eagleman DM (2004) Neuroscience. The where and when of intention. Science 303:1144–1146

A journal article with 2 authors

Nusbaum MP, Beenhakker MP (2002) A small-systems approach to motor pattern generation. Nature 417:343–350

A journal article with 3 authors

Dian BC, Clarkson JR, Zwier TS (2004) Direct measurement of energy thresholds to conformational isomerization in tryptamine. Science 303:1169–1173

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Žitnik M, Janjić V, Larminie C, et al (2013) Discovering disease-disease associations by fusing systems-level molecular data. Sci Rep 3:3202

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stenholm S, Suominen K-A (2005) Quantum Approach to Informatics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Griebel M, Schweitzer MA (eds) (2015) Meshfree Methods for Partial Differential Equations VII. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Cosci F (2016) Staging of Panic Disorder: Implications for Neurobiology and Treatment. In: Nardi AE, Freire RCR (eds) Panic Disorder: Neurobiological and Treatment Aspects. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 113–125

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Portuguese Economic Journal.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014) World First Photograph Shows Bird Flying With Egg Bump. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bird-baby-board/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2015) Library of Congress: Strong Leadership Needed to Address Serious Information Technology Management Weaknesses. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wilson RA (2011) Spectroelectrochemical Sensing and Detection of Zinc in Serum by Anodic Stripping Voltammerty on a Bismuth Film Electrode. Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2007) Justices’ Ruling Limits Lawsuits On Pay Disparity. New York Times A1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Eagleman 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Nusbaum and Beenhakker 2002; Eagleman 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Nusbaum and Beenhakker 2002)
Three or more authors: (Žitnik et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Portuguese Economic Journal
Abbreviation	Port. Econ. J.
ISSN (print)	1617-982X
ISSN (online)	1617-9838
Scope	General Economics, Econometrics and Finance Economics and Econometrics