How to format your references using the Practice Innovations citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Practice Innovations. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dustin, M. L. (2006). Immunology. When F-actin becomes too much of a good thing. Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5788), 767–768.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lankau, R. A., & Strauss, S. Y. (2007). Mutual feedbacks maintain both genetic and species diversity in a plant community. Science (New York, N.Y.), 317(5844), 1561–1563.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cho, G., Wu, Y., & Ackerman, J. L. (2003). Detection of hydroxyl ions in bone mineral by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5622), 1123–1127.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Manney, G. L., Santee, M. L., Rex, M., Livesey, N. J., Pitts, M. C., Veefkind, P., Nash, E. R., Wohltmann, I., Lehmann, R., Froidevaux, L., Poole, L. R., Schoeberl, M. R., Haffner, D. P., Davies, J., Dorokhov, V., Gernandt, H., Johnson, B., Kivi, R., Kyrö, E., … Zinoviev, N. S. (2011). Unprecedented Arctic ozone loss in 2011. Nature, 478(7370), 469–475.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jakubith, M. (1998). Grundoperationen und chemische Reaktionstechnik. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Muthu, S. S. (Ed.). (2014). Roadmap to Sustainable Textiles and Clothing: Eco-friendly Raw Materials, Technologies, and Processing Methods. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Cha, Y.-K. (2007). The Spread of English Language Instruction in the Primary School. In A. Benavot, C. Braslavsky, & N. Truong (Eds.), School Knowledge in Comparative and Historical Perspective: Changing Curricula in Primary and Secondary Education (pp. 55–71). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Practice Innovations.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, August 7). Now Advertising Billboards Can Read Your Emotions … And That’s Just The Start. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/now-advertising-billboards-can-read-your-emotions-and-s-just-start/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2012). Commercial Space Launch Act: Preliminary Information on Issues to Consider for Reauthorization (GAO-12-767T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Stephenson, J. H. (2010). Ethics and morality in software development: A developer’s perspective [Doctoral dissertation]. Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barron, J. (2017, June 8). Juliana Koo, 111; Wrote Life Story at 104. New York Times, B15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dustin, 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Dustin, 2006; Lankau & Strauss, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lankau & Strauss, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Manney et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Practice Innovations
ISSN (print)	2377-889X
ISSN (online)	2377-8903
Scope