How to format your references using the Prehospital and Disaster Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Raizen MG. Comprehensive control of atomic motion. Science. 2009;324(5933):1403–1406

A journal article with 2 authors

Gilfanov M, Bogdán A. An upper limit on the contribution of accreting white dwarfs to the type Ia supernova rate. Nature. 2010;463(7283):924–925

A journal article with 3 authors

Anderson DG, Burdick JA, Langer R. Materials science. Smart biomaterials. Science. 2004;305(5692):1923–1924

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Jopling CL, Yi M, Lancaster AM, et al. Modulation of hepatitis C virus RNA abundance by a liver-specific MicroRNA. Science. 2005;309(5740):1577–1581

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Design Solutions for Process Equipment Failures. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1998

An edited book

Leitão J, Alves H, eds. Entrepreneurial and Innovative Practices in Public Institutions: A Quality of Life Approach. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016

A chapter in an edited book

Li M, Huang S. Establish an International Market-Oriented Open Grain-Market System. In: Li M, Zhang Q, Zhang J, et al., eds, Proceedings of 2015 2nd International Conference on Industrial Economics System and Industrial Security Engineering. Singapore: Springer; 2016:35–41

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Prehospital and Disaster Medicine.

Blog post

Hale T. Giant 10-Meter-Long Anaconda Found On Construction Site In Brazil. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/giant-10meterlong-anaconda-found-on-construction-site-in-brazil/. Accessed October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. The Air Force Should Cancel Plans To Acquire Two Computer Systems at Most Bases. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1979

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Seitz AE. Epidemiology, Spatial Distribution, and Treatment Patterns of Blastomycosis in the United States. 2015

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Poniewozik J. Trump’s Name Looms in Mind and Speeches. New York Times. . February 27, 2017:C1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
ISSN (print)	1049-023X
ISSN (online)	1945-1938
Scope