How to format your references using the Proceedings of the IEEE citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Proceedings of the IEEE. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

B. Chazelle, “Computer science. Coding and computing join forces,” Science, vol. 317, no. 5845, pp. 1691–1692, Sep. 2007.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

P. Martin and S. M. Parkhurst, “Development. May the force be with you,” Science, vol. 300, no. 5616, pp. 63–65, Apr. 2003.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

V. A. Barber, G. P. Juday, and B. P. Finney, “Reduced growth of Alaskan white spruce in the twentieth century from temperature-induced drought stress,” Nature, vol. 405, no. 6787, pp. 668–673, Jun. 2000.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

K. Liu et al., “A supramolecular approach to fabricate highly emissive smart materials,” Sci. Rep., vol. 3, p. 2372, 2013.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M. S. Ben Mahmoud, N. Larrieu, and A. Pirovano, Risk Propagation Assessment for Network Security. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013.

An edited book

[1]

G. N. Rutty, Ed., Essentials of Autopsy Practice: Advances, Updates and Emerging Technologies. London: Springer, 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

H. Chen, D. Zeng, and P. Yan, “Data Analysis and Outbreak Detection,” in Infectious Disease Informatics: Syndromic Surveillance for Public Health and BioDefense, D. Zeng and P. Yan, Eds., in Integrated Series in Information Systems. , Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010, pp. 49–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Proceedings of the IEEE.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, “Why Tropical Birds Have Fewer Chicks Than Temperate Birds,” IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, “Federal Student Loans: Challenges in Estimating Federal Subsidy Costs,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, GAO-05-874, Sep. 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C. R. Bagley, “Pint-sized spectacles: American youth beauty queens and the power(ful) dynamic of the institutionalized pageant,” Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

W. Hu, “An Eyesore for 17 Years in Harlem,” New York Times, p. A17, Jul. 16, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1], [2].
This sentence cites four references [1], [2], [3], [4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Proceedings of the IEEE
Abbreviation	Proc. IEEE Inst. Electr. Electron. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0018-9219
Scope	Electrical and Electronic Engineering