How to format your references using the Production Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Production Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Narbonne GM (2010) Geochemistry. Ocean chemistry and early animals. Science 328:53–54

A journal article with 2 authors

Jakosky BM, Phillips RJ (2001) Mars’ volatile and climate history. Nature 412:237–244

A journal article with 3 authors

Petit RJ, Hu FS, Dick CW (2008) Forests of the past: a window to future changes. Science 320:1450–1452

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Nakatani K, Ishikawa H, Aono S, Mizutani Y (2014) Identification of essential histidine residues involved in heme binding and Hemozoin formation in heme detoxification protein from Plasmodium falciparum. Sci Rep 4:6137

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Delgrossi L, Zhang T (2012) Vehicle Safety Communications. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Kropatsch WG, Artner NM, Haxhimusa Y, Jiang X (2013) Graph-Based Representations in Pattern Recognition: 9th IAPR-TC-15 International Workshop, GbRPR 2013, Vienna, Austria, May 15-17, 2013. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Basketter DA, McFadden JP (2012) Cutaneous Allergies. In: Dietert RR, Luebke RW (eds) Immunotoxicity, Immune Dysfunction, and Chronic Disease. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp 103–126

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Production Engineering.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2015) Dog Wearing GoPro Is Attacked By Wolves. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/dog-wearing-gopro-captures-wolves-attacking-it/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) International Aviation: Implications of Ratifying Montreal Aviation Protocol No. 3. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Theis JY (2013) Accessing mental health services among Asian American adults: Evidence from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Halbfinger DM, Hubbard B (2017) Airstrikes on Syrian Sites Renew Focus on Chemical Arms. New York Times A6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Production Engineering
ISSN (print)	0944-6524
ISSN (online)	1863-7353
Scope	Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering