How to format your references using the Progress in Earth and Planetary Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Progress in Earth and Planetary Science. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Brody H. Gold. Nature. 2013 Mar 14;495(7440):S1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Johnson PA, Jia X. Nonlinear dynamics, granular media and dynamic earthquake triggering. Nature. 2005 Oct 6;437(7060):871–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Soung YH, Pruitt K, Chung J. Epigenetic silencing of ARRDC3 expression in basal-like breast cancer cells. Sci. Rep. 2014 Jan 24;4:3846.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kosman D, Mizutani CM, Lemons D, Cox WG, McGinnis W, Bier E. Multiplex detection of RNA expression in Drosophila embryos. Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):846.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schwedt G. Zuckersüße Chemie. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2010.

An edited book

Lewis M, Rudolph KD, editors. Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology. 3rd ed. 2014. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Dingli A, Seychell D. Nurturing Digital Natives. In: Seychell D, editor. The New Digital Natives: Cutting the Chord. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015. p. 57–71.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Progress in Earth and Planetary Science.

Blog post

Hamilton K. What Is Spice And Why Is The Drug So Dangerous? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/what-is-spice-and-why-is-the-drug-so-dangerous/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. [Comments on Panama Canal Revolving Fund Act]. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1988 May. Report No.: B-204078.2.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brown JD. Disparity in healthcare among Black Americans in the United States, a review of the literature [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Leland J. Milton Glaser Still Hearts New York. New York Times. 2016 Jul 31;MB1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Brody 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Brody 2013; Johnson and Jia 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Johnson and Jia 2005)
Three or more authors: (Kosman et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
Abbreviation	Prog. Earth Planet. Sci.
ISSN (online)	2197-4284
Scope