How to format your references using the Propulsion and Power Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Propulsion and Power Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

S.H. Ahmed, Neuroscience. Addiction as compulsive reward prediction, Science 306 (2004) 1901–1902.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M.A. Norell, J.A. Clarke, Fossil that fills a critical gap in avian evolution, Nature 409 (2001) 181–184.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

P. Michel, W. Benz, D.C. Richardson, Disruption of fragmented parent bodies as the origin of asteroid families, Nature 421 (2003) 608–611.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

I. Kang, Y. Wang, C. Reagan, Y. Fu, M.X. Wang, L.-Q. Gu, Designing DNA interstrand lock for locus-specific methylation detection in a nanopore, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 2381.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

L.L. Klepinger, Fundamentals of Forensic Anthropology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2006.

An edited book

[1]

J. Abonyi, Cluster Analysis for Data Mining and System Identification, Birkhäuser, Basel, 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

G. Ning, Y. Zhou, An Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm for Solving Absolute Value Equations, in: J. Xie, Z. Chen, C.C. Douglas, W. Zhang, Y. Chen (Eds.), High Performance Computing and Applications: Third International Conference, HPCA 2015, Shanghai, China, July 26-30, 2015, Revised Selected Papers, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016: pp. 38–47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Propulsion and Power Research.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, Rings Discovered Around an Asteroid for the First Time, IFLScience (2014). https://www.iflscience.com/space/rings-discovered-around-asteroid-first-time/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Air Traffic Control: FAA Uses Earned Value Techniques to Help Manage Information Technology Acquisitions, but Needs to Clarify Policy and Strengthen Oversight, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

M.A. Tengco, Quality Home Care: Providing Personal Care and Homemaking Services for Seniors in the Community, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

G. Bowley, Master of Trades, if Not Art, Says He Was Duped, New York Times (2016) A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Propulsion and Power Research
Abbreviation	Propuls. Power Res.
ISSN (print)	2212-540X
Scope