How to format your references using the Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kidd T. Neuroscience. Crossing the line. Science 2009; 324: 893–894.

A journal article with 2 authors

Feany MB, Bender WW. A Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease. Nature 2000; 404: 394–398.

A journal article with 3 authors

Catalli K, Shim S-H, Prakapenka V. Thickness and Clapeyron slope of the post-perovskite boundary. Nature 2009; 462: 782–785.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Valmalette J-C, Tan Z, Abe H, Ohara S. Raman scattering of linear chains of strongly coupled Ag nanoparticles on SWCNTs. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 5238.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lui SH. Numerical Analysis of Partial Differential Equations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2011.

An edited book

Rijs AM, Oomens J (eds.). Gas-Phase IR Spectroscopy and Structure of Biological Molecules. Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Ries S, Heinemann A. Analyzing the Robustness of CertainTrust. In: Karabulut Y, Mitchell J, Herrmann P, Jensen CD (eds). Trust Management II: Proceedings of IFIPTM 2008: Joint iTrust and PST Conferences on Privacy, Trust Management and Security, June 18-20, 2008, Trondheim, Norway. Springer US: Boston, MA, 2008, pp 51–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases.

Blog post

Andrew E. Strange Microorganism Under The Sea May Be Missing Link In Evolution. IFLScience. 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Business Systems Modernization: DOD Continues to Improve Institutional Approach, but Further Steps Needed. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lee M. A graphic design curriculum development project. 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Chira S. Is This How a Woman Could Win? New York Times. 2017; : SR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases
Abbreviation	Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis.
ISSN (print)	1365-7852
ISSN (online)	1476-5608
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology Urology