How to format your references using the Public Health Forum citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Public Health Forum. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. A moving story. Nature. 2003 Feb 13;421(6924):765.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gupta V, Poss KD. Clonally dominant cardiomyocytes direct heart morphogenesis. Nature. 2012 Apr 25;484(7395):479–84.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lackner LL, Horner JS, Nunnari J. Mechanistic analysis of a dynamin effector. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):874–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Rea N, Esposito P, Turolla R, Israel GL, Zane S, Stella L, et al. A low-magnetic-field soft gamma repeater. Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):944–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Eylert B. The Mobile Multimedia Business. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Martino F. Imaging del trauma osteo-articolare in età pediatrica: Lesioni acute e croniche dello scheletro in accrescimento. Defilippi C, Caudana R, editors. Milano: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Choi JW, Shin HK, Lee JS, Cheon YJ. Development of LEON3-FT Processor Emulator for Flight Software Development and Test. In: Thaung KS, editor. Advanced Information Technology in Education. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 33–40. (Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Public Health Forum.

Blog post

Hamilton K. Ghost ships: Why Are World War II Naval Wrecks Vanishing In Indonesia? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/ghost-ships-why-are-world-war-2-naval-wrecks-vanishing-in-indonesia/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Social Security Administration: Additional Actions Needed in Ongoing Efforts to Improve 800-Number Service. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Aug. Report No.: GAO-05-735.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fay JE. California employer perspectives on older working adults specific to the Affordable Care Act health insurance mandate [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodgman J. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times. 2016 Sep 16;MM38.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik 2003; Gupta and Poss 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gupta and Poss 2012)
Three or more authors: (Rea et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Public Health Forum
Abbreviation	Publ. Health For.
ISSN (print)	0944-5587
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health