How to format your references using the Pythagoras citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Pythagoras. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Krablin, R. (2015). A risk worth taking. Science (New York, N.Y.), 349(6250), 894.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mullins, C. B., & Sitz, G. O. (2008). Chemistry. Taking a selective bite out of methane. Science (New York, N.Y.), 319(5864), 736–737.

A journal article with 3 authors

Fändrich, M., Fletcher, M. A., & Dobson, C. M. (2001). Amyloid fibrils from muscle myoglobin. Nature, 410(6825), 165–166.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Hoyos, C. D., Agudelo, P. A., Webster, P. J., & Curry, J. A. (2006). Deconvolution of the factors contributing to the increase in global hurricane intensity. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5770), 94–97.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Griskey, R. G. (2005). Transport Phenomena and Unit Operations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Westphal, H., Riegl, B., & Eberli, G. P. (Eds.). (2010). Carbonate Depositional Systems: Assessing Dimensions and Controlling Parameters: The Bahamas, Belize and the Persian/Arabian Gulf. Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Vidmar, G. (2007). Pixelisation-Based Statistical Visualisation for Categorical Datasets with Spreadsheet Software. In P. P. Lévy, B. L. Grand, F. Poulet, M. Soto, L. Darago, L. Toubiana, & J.-F. Vibert (Eds.), Pixelization Paradigm: First Visual Information Expert Workshop, VIEW 2006, Paris, France, April 24-25, 2006, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 48–54). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Pythagoras.

Blog post

Andrew, D. (2016, November 9). Radical Overhaul Needed To Halt Earth’s Sixth Great Extinction Event. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/radical-overhaul-needed-to-halt-earths-sixth-great-extinction-event/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1975). Denial of Protest Involving Solicitation’s Evaluation Standard (B-181165). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Martin, J. C. (2008). Tbx18 and the epicardium in cardiac development and regenerative medicine [Doctoral dissertation]. University of California San Diego.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koniak, S. P., Cohen, G. M., Dana, D. A., & Ross, T. (2010, April 4). How Washington Abetted the Bank Job. New York Times, WK10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Krablin, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Krablin, 2015; Mullins & Sitz, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mullins & Sitz, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Hoyos et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Pythagoras
ISSN (print)	1012-2346
ISSN (online)	2223-7895
Scope