How to format your references using the Qeios citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Qeios. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

{r/1/ Debra Fischer. (2012). Planetary science: early start for rocky planets. Nature. 486(7403):331–332. PubMed PMID: 22722189 /}

A journal article with 2 authors

{r/1/ David M. Virshup, Philipp Kaldis. (2010). Cell biology. Enforcing the Greatwall in mitosis. Science. 330(6011):1638–1639. PubMed PMID: 21164006 /}

A journal article with 3 authors

{r/1/ Daniel Kim, Seung-Woo Son, Hawoong Jeong. (2014). Large-scale quantitative analysis of painting arts. Sci Rep. 4:7370. PubMed PMID: 25501877; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4263068 /}

A journal article with 6 or more authors

{r/1/ D. Aurbach, Z. Lu, A. Schechter, Y. Gofer, H. Gizbar, et al. (2000). Prototype systems for rechargeable magnesium batteries. Nature. 407(6805):724–727. PubMed PMID: 11048714 /}

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

{r/1/ Diana Bartlett, Sylvia Moody, Katherine Kindersley. (2010). Dyslexia in the Workplace. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN 9780470669341 /}

An edited book

{r/1/ Annie Broadhead. (2007). English for Personal Assistants: The essential handbook for doing business internationally. Ginni Lighteditor.: Wiesbaden: Gabler 223 p. ISBN 9783834901309 /}

A chapter in an edited book

{r/1/ Chris R. de Freitas, Martin Perry. The Land. In: Martin Perryeditor. New Environmentalism: Managing New Zealand’s Environmental Diversity.: Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands 2012. pp. 133–161. ISBN 9781402082535 /}

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Qeios.

Blog post

{r/1/ Janet Fang. LED Street Lights Thwart Moths’ Bat-Evading Tactics. In: IFLScience [Internet].: IFLScience 6 Aug 2015[cited 30 Oct 2018]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/led-street-lights-thwart-moths-bat-evading-tactics/ /}

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

{r/1/ Government Accountability Office. (2005 Feb). Mass Transit: Information on the Federal Role in Funding the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 2005. Report No.: GAO-05-358T. /}

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

{r/1/ Norsang Lama. (2017). Optimized Veterinary Thermographic Image Classification using Support Vector Machines and Noise Mitigation. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University. /}

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

{r/1/ Caitlin Kelly. (2008). New Design and Décor In Greenburgh Stacks. New York Times. :WE6. /}

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Qeios
ISSN (print)	2632-3834
Scope