How to format your references using the Quantitative Finance and Economics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Quantitative Finance and Economics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P (2003) Singapore: filling biopolis. Nature 425: 746–747.

A journal article with 2 authors

Heinrich A, Loth S (2011) Physics. A logical use for atoms. Science 332: 1039–1040.

A journal article with 3 authors

Quattrociocchi W, Caldarelli G, Scala A (2014) Opinion dynamics on interacting networks: media competition and social influence. Sci Rep 4: 4938.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Donald PF, Sanderson FJ, Burfield IJ, et al. (2007) International conservation policy delivers benefits for birds in Europe. Science 317: 810–813.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McCrary SA (2009) Mastering Financial Accounting Essentials, Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Moriai S (Ed.) (2014) Fast Software Encryption: 20th International Workshop, FSE 2013, Singapore, March 11-13, 2013. Revised Selected Papers, Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Boulkroune A, Bouzeriba A, Hamel S (2015) Projective Synchronization Scheme Based on Fuzzy Controller for Uncertain Multivariable Chaotic Systems, In: Azar AT, Vaidyanathan S (Eds.), Chaos Modeling and Control Systems Design, Cham, Springer International Publishing, 73–93.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Quantitative Finance and Economics.

Blog post

Luntz S (2016) IFLScience, Protective Coating Could Revolutionize Waterproofing, 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1971) Charges for Launch Support Services Furnished by the Air Force to the Communications Satellite Corporation (Comsat), Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ashbran MC (2011) Examining student learning in a physics pedagogical content knowledge course.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K (2001) On a Site of Terror and Death, Survivors Find a Role. New York Times H6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Quantitative Finance and Economics
ISSN (online)	2573-0134
Scope